If only the maker of Disk Utility and the maker of mds were the same company, maybe they could resolve this conflict.

I tried about 20 times format a damn USB drive, but macOS was unable to do it. I even rebooted halfway through the attempts, but it kept shooting itself in the foot with mds for whatever reason. I ultimately gave up and formatted it on my gaming PC (running Windows 10), where it took about 30 seconds with zero issues. Perfectly read- and usable on macOS now as well now.